Tomb of Muhammad Iqbal
Mausoleum with Badshahi Mosque in the background
(Urdu: مزار اقبال ; Mazaar-e-Iqbal)
Building
Type
Mausoleum
Architectural style
Mughal
Location
Lahore, Pakistan
Design team
Architect
Nawab Zain Yar Jang Bahadur
The Tomb of Allama Muhammad Iqbal is a simple but impressive structure located in Lahore, Pakistan in the Hazuri Bagh lawn between the Badshahi Mosque and the Lahore Fort where both the grand structures (the Mosque and the Fort) face each other. Official guard is maintained by Pakistan Rangers. The architecture reflects a combination of Afghan and Moorish styles and is entirely constructed of red sandstone.Hundreds of visitors come to the mausoleum every day to pay their respects to the poet-philosopher.
He was one of the major inspirations behind the Pakistan Movement, and is revered in Pakistan as Muffakir-e-Pakistan (The Thinker of Pakistan) or Shair-e-Mashriq (The Poet of the East).Iqbal died on April 21, 1938 in Lahore at the age of 60. Since the independence of Pakistan, an academy named after him (Iqbal Academy) has been established to promote and disseminate his poetical and philosophical messages and teachings. As another tribute, the recently renovated Lahore airport has also been named after him as Allama Iqbal International Airport.

Structure
The rectangular structure of the mausoleum has two gates at the eastern and southern side respectively, inlaid with marble. The grave is built of white marble. The tombstone is made of lapis lazuli and inscribed with Quranic verses in calligraphy. The tombstone was a gift from the people of Afghanistan. On the inside walls, six couplets of a ghazal are carved from Iqbal's peotical work Zabur-e-Ajam (Persian Psalms). Outside, there is a small garden, distributed into small plots. The mausoleum was designed by Hyderabad Deccan’s then Chief Architect, Nawab Zain Yar Jang Bahadur and took thirteen years to build at a cost of about one hundred thousand (Rs.100,000) Pakistani rupees. The major reason for delay was the stoppage of red-stone from Jaipur in post-independence India.

Design and construction

Design and construction
Soon after Iqbal’s death in April 1938, a committee was formed that was presided over by Chaudhary Mohammed Hussain. The initial round of the designs submitted by distinguished architects was not satisfactory. The committee suggested to innovate a new combination rather than following a specific school of architecture. The final design, thus, broke away from Mughal tradition and comprised a combination of Afghan and Moorish architecture

Data Darbar

Data Durbar
Data Durbar is the tomb of Hazrat Syed Abul Hassan Bin Usman Bin Ali Al-Hajweri, the famous Persian Sufi saint, where hundreds of thousands of people come each year to pay their respects and to say their prayers. It is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The large complex also includes Jamia Hajveria, or Hajveri Mosque.

DATA DARBAR

DATA DARBAR
Shrine of the mystic, Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh - Bestower of Favours - the patron saint of Lahore , arriving in the city from Afghanistan in 1039 AD. Every day thousands of people make their devotions at the tomb.

FM-101 NETWORK
Islamabad
Faisalabad
Hyderabad
Quetta
Lahore
Karachi
Sialkot
Peshawar
REGULAR FM NETWORK
Sargodha
Mianwali
Bannu
Mithi
Gawadar
Kohat
Video has not quite killed the radio star. Not even private cable television has managed to do that. In fact in Pakistan, new radio stars are cropping up daily, thanks to the FM boom. Radio always had a far greater reach than television in this country, But the surge in FM stations has contributed to a new revival, with over 80 such stations holding licenses. Everyone seems to want to get in on the act: as many as 171 private sector companies applied for licenses in the first half of this year. In May, PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) invited 82 to a bidding in Islamabad, where 32 licenses (in addition to the existing 50) were granted. There were biddings from around the country , Karachi, Peshawar, Hyderabad, Quetta, Faisalabad, Raiwind, Sadiqabad, Gujar Khan, Bhurban, Toba Tek Singh, Dadu, Kalar Kahar, and DI Khan. Most FM stations just dish out 'ear candy' - easy listening, music hits, recipes, chit chat... including callers (and their driver, cook, and neighbor) ringing up to make inane conversation. Just more commercialization and encouragement of 'the burger culture', right? Maybe, but only to an extent. FM is also providing valuable information through talk shows by experts on legal, psychological and health matters

Efforts to introduce a more professional, journalistic element to FM will also make an impact. Peshawar University's Journalism department has developed the country's first university-based community radio station and broadcast journalism curriculum, helped by the international media-training organization Inter news. Inter news also trained women journalists through the women and media NGO Uks, which produced a syndicated radio series called "Meri Awaz Suno" ("Hear My Voice"), focusing on issues such as health and education

FM transmitter (personal device)

Belkin TuneCast transmitter, for use with any device which has a 3.5mm headphone jack. Frequency range is 88.1 - 88.3 - 88.5 - 88.7 MHz

Belkin TuneCastII FM Transmitter with a modified antenna connected to a fifth generation iPod video.
This article is concerned with low powered transmitters used in some countries for interfacing personal audio devices "FM transmitter" can also refer to high powered broadcast equipment used by pirate radio and licensed broadcast stations
An FM transmitter is a portable device that plugs into the headphone jack or proprietary output port of a portable audio or video device, such as a portable media player, CD player, or satellite radio system. The sound is then broadcast through the transmitter, and plays through an FM broadcast band frequency. Purposes for an FM transmitter include playing music from a device through a car stereo, or any radio.
The FM-transmitter plugs into the audio output of audio devices and converts the audio output into an FM radio signal, which can then be picked up by appliances such as car or portable radios. Most devices on the market typically have a short range of up to 30 feet (9 meters) with any average radio (up to about 75 feet (23 meters) with a very good radio under perfect conditions) and can broadcast on any FM frequency from 76.0 to 108.0 MHz (or 88.1 to 107.9 in the US). Some lower-cost transmitters are hard-wired to the 87.7-91.9 MHz band allocated to educational broadcasts in the United States, or a certain other smaller range of frequencies.
FM transmitters are usually battery driven, but some use the cigarette lighter socket in cars, or draw their power from the device itself. They are typically used with portable audio devices such as CD or MP3 players, but are also used to broadcast other outputs (such as that from a computer sound card) throughout a home or other building.

Limitations
The relatively low power output of FM transmitters sometimes makes it unsuitable for use in some large urban areas because of the number of other radio signals. This is compounded by the fact that strong FM signals can bleed over into neighboring frequencies making the frequencies unusable with the transmitter. Removing a car's radio antenna has been found to significantly improve transmitter reception.
Some models which connect via ports other than the headphone jack have no means of controlling the volume,which can force the sound to transmit out from the device harshly (causing over modulation, audio distortion and possible radio interference), or too low. In theory a device could use an automatic level control or audio limiter circuit to overcome this problem although there are few (if any) devices with such a facility available out on the market yet.

Trend of radio in pakistan?
In: Pakistan, Radio
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HISTORY
In Pakistan, the public broadcaster is the state owned PBC which is short for "Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation." It consists of PTV (Pakistan Television) and Radio Pakistan. In the past PBC was funded publicly through money obtained from television, radio and VCR licensing. Radio Pakistan has stations covering all the major cities; it covers 80% of the country serving 95.5 Million listeners. It has world service in 07 languages daily.
Radio Pakistan is the official international broadcasting station of Pakistan. Radio Pakistan was able to start its external services on regular basis on 1949. As Pakistan is strategically located and is a close neighbor of China, India, Middle Eastern countries and Central Asia, it is necessary to use Radio Pakistan and its external services as an instrument to project the country's policies in true perspective so that a message of peace and friendship is disseminated to the world specially to its neighbors.
The programmes of External Services are so designed as to project Pakistan's view point on domestic and foreign policy issues. Another special aim of these services is to disseminate knowledge about the art, culture, history, values and way of life of its people among foreign listeners in order to generate feelings of friendship, goodwill and mutual understanding which help create an environment of peace and tranquility and make co-existence possible in the region. They broadcast in 16 languages: English, Chinese, Dari, Pushto, Hazaragi, Persian, Hindi, Gujarati, Tamil, Sinhala, Nepali, Turki, Russian, Turkish, Arabic, and Bangla.
Radio Pakistan continues to broadcast programmes which promote relations between Pakistan and organizations of which Pakistan is the member.
By the end of WWII, 95% of all homes had radios, but by the early 1950s television already had begun to erode its popularity. Radio stations began to shift their programming focus from news and story segments to mostly music. The introduction of the transistor radio was able to positively impact radio growth in the face of the threat of television by allowing for the production of cheap, portable radios that could be used in cars or outdoors. The 1970s and '80s saw the increasing popularity of FM stations because of better sound quality and innovative music programming. With FM's success, AM stations focused more on talk and news radio, and saw a continuing decline in listenership.

• Lahore, Pakistan
  Status
  National Tower of Pakistan
  Constructed
  1960 – 1968
  Use
  Public monument
  Height
  Roof
  62 metres (203 ft)
  Companies
  Architect
  Naseer-ud-din Murat Khan

Minar-e-Pakistan is a tall minaret in Iqbal Park Lahore, built in commemoration of the Lahore Resolution. The minaret reflects a blend of Mughal and modern architecture, and is constructed on the site where on March 23, 1940, seven years before the formation of Pakistan, the Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Lahore), demanding the creation of Pakistan.This was the first official declaration to establish a separate homeland for the Muslims living in the South Asia. Pakistan now celebrates this day as a national holiday each year.
The monument attracts visitors from all over Pakistan, as well as the inhabitants of the Walled City of Lahore. The large public space around the monument is commonly used for political and public meetings, whereas Iqbal Park area is popular among kite-flyers.

Badshahi Mosque

• 
  Location
  Lahore, Pakistan
  Affiliation
  Islam
  Province
  Punjab
  District
  Lahore
  Year consecrated
  1671
  Ecclesiastical status
  Mosque
  Leadership
  Aurangzeb
  Architectural description
  Architectural type
  Mosque
  Architectural style
  Islamic, Mughal
  Year completed
  1673
  Dome(s)
  3
  Minaret(s)
  8 (4 square, 4 smaller octagonal)
  Minaret height
  54 m (180 ft) (square),
  
  The Badshahi Mosque or the 'Emperor's Mosque', in Lahore is the second largest mosque in Pakistan and South Asia and the fifth largest mosque in the world. It is Lahore's most famous landmark and a major tourist attraction epitomising the beauty, passion and grandeur of the Mughal era.
  Capable of accommodating 10,000 worshippers in its main prayer hall and 100,000 in its courtyard and porticoes, it remained the largest mosque in the world from 1673 to 1986 (a period of 313 years), when overtaken in size by the completion of the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. Today, it remains the second largest mosque in Pakistan and South Asia and the fifth largest mosque in the world after the Masjid al-Haram (Grand Mosque) of Mecca, the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Prophet's Mosque) in Medina, the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca and the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad.
  To appreciate its large size, the four minarets of the Badshahi Mosque are 13.9 ft (4.2 m) taller than those of the Taj Mahal and the main platform of the Taj Mahal can fit inside the 278,784 sq ft (25,899.9 m2) courtyard of the Badshahi Mosque, which is the largest mosque courtyard in the world.
  

The Faisal Mosque

• 
  Location
  Islamabad, Pakistan
  Year established
  1986
  Architectural information
  Architectural style
  Contemporary Islamic
  Capacity
  300,000
  Covered area
  5,000 m2 (54,000 sq ft)
  Minaret(s)
  4
  Minaret height
  90 meters (295 ft)
  General contractor
  Faisal of Saudi Arabia
  Construction cost
  120 million USD
  
• The Faisal Mosque in Islamabad is the largest mosque in Pakistan and South Asia and the sixth largest mosque in the world. It was the largest mosque in the world from 1986 to 1993 when overtaken in size by the completion of the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca, Morocco.

Subsequent expansions of the Masjid al-Haram (Grand Mosque) of Mecca and the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Prophet's Mosque) in Medina, Saudi Arabia during the 1990s relegated Faisal Mosque to fourth place in terms of size.

Faisal Mosque is the National Mosque of Pakistan. It has a covered area of 5,000 m2 (54,000 sq ft)[citation needed] and has a capacity to accommodate approximately 300,000 worshippers (100,000 in its main prayer hall, courtyard and porticoes and another 200,000 in its adjoining grounds). Although its covered main prayer hall is smaller than that of the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca (the world's third largest mosque), Faisal Mosque has the third largest capacity of accommodating worshippers in its adjoining grounds after the Masjid al-Haram (Grand Mosque) of Mecca, the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Prophet's Mosque) in Medina. Each of the Mosque's four minarets are 80 m (260 ft) high (the tallest minarets in South Asia) and measure 10 x 10 m in circumference.

The Faisal Mosque is named after the late King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia, who supported and financed the project.

Wazir Khan Mosque

PIGEONS FLYING OVER WAZIR KHAN MOSQUE

'The facade of the sanctuary is practically covered with kashi and is divided into the usual oblong panels. A beautiful border is carried rectangularly round the centre archway, and inscriptions in Persian characters occur in an outer border, in a long panel over the archway, and in horizontal panels along the upper portions of the lower walls to right and left. The spandrels are filled in with extremely fine designs.'
'With the minars, however, the facade of the sanctuary, and the entrance gateway, where a small portion of the surface was left for plaster, the effect of the gorgeous colours against the soft blue of a Punjabi sky, and saturated with brilliant sunlight and glowing purple shadow is indescribably rich and jewel-like.'
'Right and left of the sanctuary are two stately octagonal minars 100 feet in height. On the long sides of the quadrangle are ranged small khanas or cells, each closed by the usual Indian two-leaved door set in a slightly recessed pointed arch, of which there are thirteen on each side by a pavilion rising above the general level, containing larger apartments and an upper story reached by two flights of steps, which also give access to the roof of the arcading and pavilions...these pavilions occur, in the centre of the north and south sides of the lower level of the pavement. In the pavilion on the south side is a fountain set in a circular scalloped basin, and served from the main which supplies the tank in the quadrangle.'
Within the inner courtyard of the mosque lies the subterranean tomb of Syed Muhammad Ishaq, known as Miran Badshah, a divine from Iran who settled in Lahore during the time of the Tughluq dynasty. The tomb, therefore, predates the mosque.

Wazir Khan Mosque 1886 Water Coloured By William Carpenter

F H Andrews, former Principal of the Mayo School of Arts, describes the mosque thus:

'The material used in the construction of the Mosque is a small tile-like brick universally used by the Mughals when stone was unusable or too costly. The only stone used in the building is used for brackets and some of the fretwork (pinjra). The walls were coated with plaster (chunam) and faced with a finely-soft quality of the same material tooled to a marble-like surface and coloured. All the external plasterwork was richly coloured a rich Indian red, in true fresco, and the surface afterwards picked out with white lines in the similitude of the small bricks beneath. The extreme severity of the lines of the building is relieved by the division of the surfaces into slightly sunk rectangular panels, alternatively vertical and horizontal, the vertical panels having usually an inner panel with arched head or the more florid cusped mihrab. These panels, where they are exposed to weather, are generally filled with a peculiar inlaid faience pottery called kashi, the effect of which must have been very fine when the setting of deep red plaster of the walls was intact.'

Suneri Mosque

Suneri Mosque


Suneri Mosque (1993)
The Suneri Mosque or Golden Mosque is located in the centre of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The founder of the mosque was Nawab Syed Bhikari Khan, son of Raushan-ud-Daula Turrabaz Khan, deputy governor of Lahore during the reign of Muhammad Shah and the viceroyalty of Mir Noin-ul-Malik. The Golden Mosque is situated in the Kashmiri Bazaar.It was built in 1753 CE and features three beautiful golden domes. The mosque is elevated on a higher plinth, surrounded by old bazaars. It has a beautiful gateway, which measures 21.3 metres in length and a courtyard that measures 161.5 x 160.6 metres. The marble domes cover seven prayer chambers. Four lofty minarets stand at the four corners of the mosque, each with an outer circumference of 20 metres, soaring up to 54 metres.

Pakistan Flag

Pakistan Flag
The Flag of Pakistan - Description of the Pakistan Flag
As the above picture of the Pakistan Flag indicates the overall background is Green and white
The description of the Pakistan Flag is as follows:
Green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side
A large white crescent and star are centered in the green field
The crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
According to Ancient and Heraldic traditions much symbolism is associated with colors. The colors on the Pakistan flag represent the following:
White - peace and honesty & symbolizing the role of religious minorities
Green - hope, joy and love and in many cultures have a sacred significance as in Pakistan where the color green is associated with Islam

History of punjab

History of the Punjab
The first known use of the word Punjab is in the book Tarikh-e-Sher Shah Suri (1580), which mentions the construction of a fort by "Sher Khan of Punjab". The first mentioning of the Sanskrit equivalent of 'Punjab', however, occurs in the great epic, the Mahabharata (pancha-nada 'country of five rivers'). The name is mentioned again in Ain-e-Akbari, written by Abul Fazal, who also mentions that the territory of Punjab was divided into two provinces, Lahore and Multan. Similarly in the second volume of Ain-e-Akbari, the title of a chapter includes the word Punjab in it. The Mughal King Jahangir also mentions the word Punjab in Tuzk-i-Janhageeri.Punjab in Persian literally means "five" (panj) "waters" (āb), i.e. the Land of Five Rivers, referring to the five rivers which go through it. It was because of this that it was made the granary of British India. Today, 3 of the rivers run exclusively in Pakistani Panjab with the tributaries of the other 2 eventually draining there as well. Indian panjab has the headwaters of the remaining 2 rivers which eventually drain over into Pakistan.